Smart lanthanide antennas for sensing water

Smart antennas

Smart antennas have become an essential paradigm for the enhancement of capacity in cellular communications systems. In 2nd Generation Systems smart antennas were aiming at increasing capacity either by reuse within ceN (Space Division Multiple Access SDMA) or by intercell interference reduction (Spatial Filtering for Interference Reduction SFIR). Later in 3rd Generation UMTS UTRA (Universal Te...

Smart antennas for wireless systems

Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles for Diagnostic Sensing

Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, such as a long luminescence lifetime (up to several milliseconds), sharp emission peaks, and upconversion luminescence over the range of wavelengths from near-infrared to visible. Exploiting these optical properties, lanthanide-doped nanoparticles have been widely utilized for cellular and small animal imaging with the absence of...

Smart Antennas for Mobile Wireless Communications

The paper introduces two newly developed smart antennas, ESPAR antenna and ESMB antenna, for mobile wireless computing terminals and mobile stations. The configurations of these smart mobile terminal antennas at the operating frequency approximately over 2.4GHz are illustrated and the applications of using these smart antennas at mobile computing terminals and mobile stations are proposed. The ...

A Software Radio Architecture for Smart Antennas

Smart Antennas are being regarded by many as the key solution to increasing the spectral efficiency and improving the system performance in mobile communication. In principle, an antenna is smart only when it can recognize and track the signal of a particular mobile telephone while suppressing interfering signals. This can be achieved by forming a beam towards the mobile telephone, hence, the t...